List of former states in Italy

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Antiquity[]

Latin cities
Etruscan civilization
Greek city-states
Ligurian civilization
Messapian civilization
Palæovenetian civilization
Samnite civilization
Umbrian civilization

Early Middle Ages[]

Template:Expand section

Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Lombard Kingdom
Exarchate of Ravenna

Duchies of the Lombard Kingdom[]

Duchy of Friuli
Duchy of Ceneda
Duchy of Treviso
Duchy of Vicenza
Duchy of Verona
Duchy of Trent
Duchy of Parma
Duchy of Reggio
Duchy of Piacenza
Duchy of Brescia
Duchy of Bergamo
Duchy of San Giulio
Duchy of Pavia
Duchy of Turin
Duchy of Asti
Duchy of Tuscia
Duchy of Spoleto
Duchy of Benevento, then the Principality of Salerno
Duchy of Aosta
Duchy of Milan
Duchy of Ivrea

Districts of the Byzantine Empire[]

Exarchate of Ravenna
- Duchy of Istria
- Duchy of Liguria
- Duchy of Naples (Including Calabria, Lucania and Apulia)
- Duchy of the Pentapolis
- Duchy of Perugia
- Duchy of Rome
- Duchy of Venetia
Theme of Sicily
- Duchy of Calabria

Carolingian Era[]

Kingdom of Italy (under the Carolingian Empire)
Papal States
Duchy of Benevento (under the Lombards)
Byzantine Empire
- Venice
- Istria coast
- Dalmazia islands
- Gaeta
- Naples
- Salento
- Calabria
- Sicily
- Sardinia
Saracen settlements
- Fondi
- Traetto
- Ponza
- Capo Miseno
- Sepino
- Agropoli and Punta Licosa
- Bari
- Taranto
- Brindisi
- Amantea
- Tropea

Italy in the year 1000[]

File:Italy 1000 AD alt1.svg

States of the Holy Roman Empire[]

County of Asti
Bishopric of Bressanone
March of Genoa (Marca Januensis or Eastern Liguria)
County of Gorizia
Kingdom of Italy
March of Ivrea
Marche includes Marches of Camerino, Fermo and Ancona
Marquisate of Montferrat (created Marca Aleramica)
Marquisate of Saluzzo
Marquisate of Ceva
Marquisate of Incisa
County of Savoy
County of Sorano (Aldobrandeschi)
Duchy of Spoleto
Bishopric of Trent
March of Turin (created Marca Arduinica; also known as the March of Susa)
March of Tuscany
Marquisate of Verona and Aquileia
March of Treviso
March of Friuli

Other states[]

Catepanate of Italy
Duchy of Benevento
Principality of Capua
Principality of Salerno
Papal States
Emirate of Sicily
Kingdom of Sicily
Terra Sancti Benedicti
Patriarchal State of Friuli (Patrie dal Friûl)
Giudicato of Gallura
Giudicato of Torres
Giudicato of Arborea
Giudicato of Cagliari

Main independent communes[]

Arezzo
Asti
Brescia
Cremona
Florence
Genoa
Lodi
Milan
Perugia
Piacenza
Pisa
Ragusa
Siena
Verona
Viterbo

Duchies and other entities of former Byzantine Empire appartenance[]

Duchy of Amalfi
Duchy of Calabria
Duchy of Gaeta
Duchy of Naples
Duchy of Sorrento
Republic of Venice
Republic of Pisa
Trani
Exarchate of Ravenna

Italy in the year 1494[]

File:Map of Italy (1494)-en.svg

Italy in 1494. Not all minor states are shown.

Before the beginning of the Italian Wars

Papal States
Kingdom of Naples (independent Aragonese dynasty)
Kingdom of Sicily (to Aragon)
Kingdom of Sardinia (to Aragon)
Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
Prince-Bishopric of Trent
Duchy of Savoy (Savoia)
Duchy of Milan (Visconti, then Sforza from 1450, to France 1499-1522, to Spain from 1535, to Austria from 1706)
Duchy of Ferrara (Este)
Duchy of Massa and Carrara (Malaspina)
Duchy of Modena and Reggio (in personal union with Ferrara)
Duchy of Urbino (Montefeltro)
Marquisate of Saluzzo (Aleramici, to France 1548)
Marquisate of Montferrat (Paleologi, in personal union with Mantua 1533)
Marquisate of Mantua (Gonzaga)
Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto)
Marquisate of Incisa (Aleramici)
Marquisate of Ceva
County of Nice
County of Gorizia (annexed to Austria in 1500)
County of Guastalla (Torelli, sold to a junior branch of the Gonzaga 1539)
County of Montechiarugolo (Torelli of Montechiarugolo)
County of Novellara (Gonzaga of Novellara)
County of Correggio (da Correggio)
County of Pitigliano (Orsini)
County of Santa Fiora (Sforza of S.Fiora)
Stato Landi (Landi)
Stato Pallavicino (Pallavicino)
Castiglione (Gonzaga of Castiglione)
Mirandola (Pico)
Carpi (Pio di Savoia)
Sassuolo (Pio di Savoia)
Bologna (Bentivoglio)
Faenza (Manfredi)
Rimini (Malatesta)
Forlì (Riario)
Pesaro (Sforza of Pesaro)
Matelica (Ottoni)
Camerino (da Varano, duchy from 1515, confiscated and incorporated to the Papal States 1539)
Imperial Fiefdoms
Republic of Ancona (to the Papal States in 1532)
Republic of Genoa
Republic of Lucca
Republic of Florence (actually under the lordship of the Medici, duchy from 1532)
Republic of Ragusa
Republic of Siena (incorporated to the Duchy of Florence 1555)
Republic of Venice
Republic of Cospaia

Italy in the year 1559[]

After the wikipedia:Peace of Cateau-Cambresis:

Papal States
Kingdom of Naples (under Spain)
Kingdom of Sicily (under Spain)
Kingdom of Sardinia (under Spain)
Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
Prince-Bishopric of Trent
Duchy of Savoy (Savoia)
Duchy of Milan (under Spain)
Duchy of Mantua (Gonzaga)
Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Farnese)
Duchy of Ferrara (Este; confiscated and incorporated to the Papal States 1598)
Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Este; in personal union with Ferrara until 1598)
Duchy of Florence (Grand Duchy of Tuscany from 1569) (Medici)
Duchy of Urbino (Della Rovere; incorporated to the Papal States 1631)
Duchy of Castro (in personal union with Parma; confiscated and incorporated to the Papal States 1649)
Marquisate of Montferrat (in personal union with Mantua; duchy from 1574)
Marquisate of Masserano (Ferrero-Fieschi; principality from 1577)
Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto; to Spain 1602)
Marquisate of Massa (Cybo-Malaspina; principality from 1568)
County of Guastalla (Gonzaga of Guastalla)
County of Montechiarugolo (Torelli; to Parma 1612)
County of Correggio (da Correggio; principality from 1616, confiscated and ceded to Modena by the Emperor 1631)
County of Novellara (Gonzaga of Novellara)
County of Pitigliano (Orsini; acquired by Tuscany in 1604)
County of Santa Fiora (Sforza; acquired by Tuscany in 1633)
State Pallavicino (Pallavicino; to Parma 1636)
Stato Landi (Landi)
Castiglione (Gonzaga of Castiglione; marquisate from 1579, principality from 1659)
Piombino (Appiani; principality from 1594)
Sabbioneta (Gonzaga of Bozzolo; duchy from 1577, sold to Spain in 1629)
Mirandola (Pico; principality from 1596, duchy from 1617)
Sassuolo (Pio di Savoia; to Modena 1599)
Imperial Fiefdoms (small, independent lordships generally under members of the Genoese nobility)
Saluzzo (under France; to Savoy from 1601)
Valtelline, Chiavenna and Bormio (under the Grisons)
State of Presidi (to Naples)
Republic of Venice
Republic of Genoa
Republic of Lucca
Republic of Cospaia
Malta (to the Order of St.John of Jerusalem)

Italy in the year 1659[]

After the treaty of the Pirenees

Papal States
Kingdom of Naples (to Spain until 1707; to Austria from 1707 to 1734 then under a junior branch of the Spanish Bourbons
Kingdom of Sicily (to Spain until 1707; to Austria 1707-1714 and 1720–1734; to Savoy 1714-1720; in personal union with Naples thereafter)
Kingdom of Sardinia (to Spain until 1714; to Austria 1714-1720; in personal union with Savoy thereafter)
Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Medici until 1737; Habsburg-Lorraine thereafter)
Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
Prince-Bishopric of Trent
Duchy of Savoy (Savoia)
Duchy of Montferrat (to Mantua until 1707, then to Savoy)
Duchy of Milan (to Spain until 1706, then to Austria; the union of Milan and Mantua in 1737 created the Austrian Lombardy)
Duchy of Mantua (Gonzaga until the imperial confiscation in 1707, then to Austria; Austrian Lombardy from 1737)
Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Farnese until 1731; Bourbons 1731-1734; to Austria 1734-1748 then to a junior branch of the Spanish Bourbons)
Duchy of Guastalla (Gonzaga of Guastalla until their extinction in 1746; in personal union with Parma from 1748)
Duchy of Mirandola (Pico until the imperial confiscation in 1707; to Austria 1707-1711; to Modena from 1711)
Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Este)
Principality of Masserano (Ferrero-Fieschi; sold to Savoy in 1767)
Principality of Castiglione (Gonzaga of Castiglione; confiscated by the Emperor 1691)
Principality of Massa (Cybo-Malaspina; duchy from 1664; in personal union with Modena from 1731)
Principality of Piombino (Ludovisi until 1733, Boncompagni-Ludovisi thereafter)
County of Novellara (Gonzaga of Novellara until their extinction in 1728; to Modena from 1737)
Stato Landi (Landi until 1679, Doria 1679-1682, then to Parma)
Imperial Fiefdoms
Valtelline, Chiavenna and Bormio (under the Grisons)
State of Presidi (to Naples)
Republic of Venice
Republic of Genoa
Republic of Lucca
Republic of Cospaia
Malta (to the Order of St.John of Jerusalem)

Italy 1796 — Italy before Napoleonic invasion (1796).

Italy in the year 1796[]

Before the Napoleonic period

Papal States (Pope Pius VI)
Kingdom of Naples (Bourbons of Naples, King Ferdinand IV) (merged with Sicily in 1816 to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
Kingdom of Sicily (in personal union with Naples; after 1816 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
Kingdom of Sardinia (inclusive of the Duchy of Savoy, Savoia, King Vittorio Amedeo III)
Prince-Bishopric of Brixen (secularized and incorporated into Austria in 1802)
Prince-Bishopric of Trent (secularized and incorporated into Austria in 1802)
Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke Ferdinand III)
Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (Bourbons of Parma, Duke Ferdinando I)
Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Este, Duke Ercole III)
Duchy of Massa (personal union with Modena)
Principality of Piombino (Boncompagni, Prince Antonio II) (after 1815 part of Tuscany)
Austrian Lombardy (direct Austrian control)
Valtelline, Chiavenna and Bormio (under the Grisons; after 1816 part of Lombardo-Veneto)
Republic of Venice (abolished 1797; after 1815 part of Lombardo-Veneto)
Republic of Genoa (after 1815 to Sardinia)
Republic of Lucca (after 1815 independent duchy)
Republic of Ragusa (to France in 1808; after 1815 to Austria)
Republic of Cospaia
State of Presidi (to Naples; after 1815 to Tuscany)
Malta (to the Order of St.John of Jerusalem; conquered by France 1798, by Britain 1800)

Italy c 1810 — Italy in Napoleonic times (1796).

Italy in Napoleonic times (1796 - 1814)[]

After wikipedia:Napoleon’s invasion of Italy:

Republic of Alba (1796–1801), annexed to France
Cispadane Republic (1796–1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
Transpadane Republic (1796–1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
Ligurian Republic (1797–1805), annexed to France
Republic of Bergamo (1797)
Republic of Brescia (1797)
Republic of Crema (1797)
Bolognese Republic (1798)
Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802) transformed into the Italian Republic
Republic of Ancona (1797–1798), joined Roman Republic
Roman Republic (1798–1800) capital Rome
Tiberina Republic (1798–1799) capital wikipedia:Perugia, joined Roman Republic
Parthenopaean Republic (1799) capital wikipedia:Naples
Subalpine Republic (1800–1802)
Kingdom of Etruria (1801–1807) annexed to France
Italian Republic (1802–1805)
Principality of Lucca and Piombino
Kingdom of Italy (1805–1814)
Kingdom of Naples (under French rulers 1806-1815)

Italy in the year 1816[]

After the wikipedia:Congress of Vienna:

Papal States (wikipedia:Pope Pius VII; lost most of its territories to Sardinia 1859-1860)
Kingdom of Sardinia (Savoia, King Vittorio Emanuele I; ceded wikipedia:Savoy and wikipedia:Nice to France in 1860; became Kingdom of Italy 1861)
Kingdom Lombardo-Veneto (to Austria; lost most of wikipedia:Lombardy to Sardinia in 1859)
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Bourbon of Sicily and Naples, later Bourbon-Two-Sicilies, King Ferdinand I; incorporated into Sardinia 1860-1861)
Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke Ferdinand III; incorporated to Sardinia 1859)
Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (under Marie Louise, wife of Napoleon, for her lifetime. After her death in 1847, Parma and Piacenza devolve upon the House of Bourbon-Parma, Guastalla on the Duke of Modena; incorporated into Sardinia 1859)
Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Austria-Este, Duke Francis IV; incorporated into Sardinia 1859)
Duchy of Lucca (Bourbon-Parma, Duchess Marie Louise; when they return to Parma in 1847, annexed by Tuscany)
Duchy of Massa and Carrara (annexed to the Duchy of Modena in 1829)

Italy in the year 1861[]

After the unification

Papal States (Pope Pius IX; last territories with Rome incorporated into Italy 1870)
Kingdom of Italy (Savoia, King Vittorio Emanuele II)
Kingdom Lombardo-Veneto (to Austria; incorporated into Italy 1866)