List of former states in Italy

Antiquity

 * Latin cities
 * Etruscan civilization
 * Greek city-states
 * Ligurian civilization
 * Messapian civilization
 * Palæovenetian civilization
 * Samnite civilization
 * Umbrian civilization


 * Roman Republic
 * Western Roman Empire

Early Middle Ages

 * Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
 * Lombard Kingdom
 * Exarchate of Ravenna

Duchies of the Lombard Kingdom

 * Duchy of Friuli
 * Duchy of Ceneda
 * Duchy of Treviso
 * Duchy of Vicenza
 * Duchy of Verona
 * Duchy of Trent
 * Duchy of Parma
 * Duchy of Reggio
 * Duchy of Piacenza
 * Duchy of Brescia
 * Duchy of Bergamo
 * Duchy of San Giulio
 * Duchy of Pavia
 * Duchy of Turin
 * Duchy of Asti
 * Duchy of Tuscia
 * Duchy of Spoleto
 * Duchy of Benevento, then the Principality of Salerno
 * Duchy of Aosta
 * Duchy of Milan
 * Duchy of Ivrea

Districts of the Byzantine Empire

 * Exarchate of Ravenna
 * Duchy of Istria
 * Duchy of Liguria
 * Duchy of Naples (Including Calabria, Lucania and Apulia)
 * Duchy of the Pentapolis
 * Duchy of Perugia
 * Duchy of Rome
 * Duchy of Venetia
 * Theme of Sicily
 * Duchy of Calabria

Carolingian Era

 * Kingdom of Italy (under the Carolingian Empire)
 * Papal States
 * Duchy of Benevento (under the Lombards)
 * Byzantine Empire
 * Venice
 * Istria coast
 * Dalmazia islands
 * Gaeta
 * Naples
 * Salento
 * Calabria
 * Sicily
 * Sardinia
 * Saracen settlements
 * Fondi
 * Traetto
 * Ponza
 * Capo Miseno
 * Sepino
 * Agropoli and Punta Licosa
 * Bari
 * Taranto
 * Brindisi
 * Amantea
 * Tropea

States of the Holy Roman Empire

 * County of Asti
 * Bishopric of Bressanone
 * March of Genoa (Marca Januensis or Eastern Liguria)
 * County of Gorizia
 * Kingdom of Italy
 * March of Ivrea
 * Marche includes Marches of Camerino, Fermo and Ancona
 * Marquisate of Montferrat (created Marca Aleramica)
 * Marquisate of Saluzzo
 * Marquisate of Ceva
 * Marquisate of Incisa
 * County of Savoy
 * County of Sorano (Aldobrandeschi)
 * Duchy of Spoleto
 * Bishopric of Trent
 * March of Turin (created Marca Arduinica; also known as the March of Susa)
 * March of Tuscany
 * Marquisate of Verona and Aquileia
 * March of Treviso
 * March of Friuli

Other states

 * Catepanate of Italy
 * Duchy of Benevento
 * Principality of Capua
 * Principality of Salerno
 * Papal States
 * Emirate of Sicily
 * Kingdom of Sicily
 * Terra Sancti Benedicti
 * Patriarchal State of Friuli (Patrie dal Friûl)
 * Giudicato of Gallura
 * Giudicato of Torres
 * Giudicato of Arborea
 * Giudicato of Cagliari

Main independent communes

 * Arezzo
 * Asti
 * Brescia
 * Cremona
 * Florence
 * Genoa
 * Lodi
 * Milan
 * Perugia
 * Piacenza
 * Pisa
 * Ragusa
 * Siena
 * Verona
 * Viterbo

Duchies and other entities of former Byzantine Empire appartenance

 * Duchy of Amalfi
 * Duchy of Calabria
 * Duchy of Gaeta
 * Duchy of Naples
 * Duchy of Sorrento
 * Republic of Venice
 * Republic of Pisa
 * Trani
 * Exarchate of Ravenna

Italy in the year 1494
Before the beginning of the Italian Wars
 * Papal States
 * Kingdom of Naples (independent Aragonese dynasty)
 * Kingdom of Sicily (to Aragon)
 * Kingdom of Sardinia (to Aragon)
 * Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
 * Prince-Bishopric of Trent
 * Duchy of Savoy (Savoia)
 * Duchy of Milan (Visconti, then Sforza from 1450, to France 1499-1522, to Spain from 1535, to Austria from 1706)
 * Duchy of Ferrara (Este)
 * Duchy of Massa and Carrara (Malaspina)
 * Duchy of Modena and Reggio (in personal union with Ferrara)
 * Duchy of Urbino (Montefeltro)
 * Marquisate of Saluzzo (Aleramici, to France 1548)
 * Marquisate of Montferrat (Paleologi, in personal union with Mantua 1533)
 * Marquisate of Mantua (Gonzaga)
 * Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto)
 * Marquisate of Incisa (Aleramici)
 * Marquisate of Ceva
 * County of Nice
 * County of Gorizia (annexed to Austria in 1500)
 * County of Guastalla (Torelli, sold to a junior branch of the Gonzaga 1539)
 * County of Montechiarugolo (Torelli of Montechiarugolo)
 * County of Novellara (Gonzaga of Novellara)
 * County of Correggio (da Correggio)
 * County of Pitigliano (Orsini)
 * County of Santa Fiora (Sforza of S.Fiora)
 * Stato Landi (Landi)
 * Stato Pallavicino (Pallavicino)
 * Castiglione (Gonzaga of Castiglione)
 * Mirandola (Pico)
 * Carpi (Pio di Savoia)
 * Sassuolo (Pio di Savoia)
 * Bologna (Bentivoglio)
 * Faenza (Manfredi)
 * Rimini (Malatesta)
 * Forlì (Riario)
 * Pesaro (Sforza of Pesaro)
 * Matelica (Ottoni)
 * Camerino (da Varano, duchy from 1515, confiscated and incorporated to the Papal States 1539)
 * Imperial Fiefdoms
 * Republic of Ancona (to the Papal States in 1532)
 * Republic of Genoa
 * Republic of Lucca
 * Republic of Florence (actually under the lordship of the Medici, duchy from 1532)
 * Republic of Ragusa
 * Republic of Siena (incorporated to the Duchy of Florence 1555)
 * Republic of Venice
 * Republic of Cospaia

Italy in the year 1559
After the Peace of Cateau-Cambresis:
 * Papal States
 * Kingdom of Naples (under Spain)
 * Kingdom of Sicily (under Spain)
 * Kingdom of Sardinia (under Spain)
 * Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
 * Prince-Bishopric of Trent
 * Duchy of Savoy (Savoia)
 * Duchy of Milan (under Spain)
 * Duchy of Mantua (Gonzaga)
 * Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Farnese)
 * Duchy of Ferrara (Este; confiscated and incorporated to the Papal States 1598)
 * Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Este; in personal union with Ferrara until 1598)
 * Duchy of Florence (Grand Duchy of Tuscany from 1569) (Medici)
 * Duchy of Urbino (Della Rovere; incorporated to the Papal States 1631)
 * Duchy of Castro (in personal union with Parma; confiscated and incorporated to the Papal States 1649)
 * Marquisate of Montferrat (in personal union with Mantua; duchy from 1574)
 * Marquisate of Masserano (Ferrero-Fieschi; principality from 1577)
 * Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto; to Spain 1602)
 * Marquisate of Massa (Cybo-Malaspina; principality from 1568)
 * County of Guastalla (Gonzaga of Guastalla)
 * County of Montechiarugolo (Torelli; to Parma 1612)
 * County of Correggio (da Correggio; principality from 1616, confiscated and ceded to Modena by the Emperor 1631)
 * County of Novellara (Gonzaga of Novellara)
 * County of Pitigliano (Orsini; acquired by Tuscany in 1604)
 * County of Santa Fiora (Sforza; acquired by Tuscany in 1633)
 * State Pallavicino (Pallavicino; to Parma 1636)
 * Stato Landi (Landi)
 * Castiglione (Gonzaga of Castiglione; marquisate from 1579, principality from 1659)
 * Piombino (Appiani; principality from 1594)
 * Sabbioneta (Gonzaga of Bozzolo; duchy from 1577, sold to Spain in 1629)
 * Mirandola (Pico; principality from 1596, duchy from 1617)
 * Sassuolo (Pio di Savoia; to Modena 1599)
 * Imperial Fiefdoms (small, independent lordships generally under members of the Genoese nobility)
 * Saluzzo (under France; to Savoy from 1601)
 * Valtelline, Chiavenna and Bormio (under the Grisons)
 * State of Presidi (to Naples)
 * Republic of Venice
 * Republic of Genoa
 * Republic of Lucca
 * Republic of Cospaia
 * Malta (to the Order of St.John of Jerusalem)

Italy in the year 1659
After the treaty of the Pirenees
 * Papal States
 * Kingdom of Naples (to Spain until 1707; to Austria from 1707 to 1734 then under a junior branch of the Spanish Bourbons
 * Kingdom of Sicily (to Spain until 1707; to Austria 1707-1714 and 1720–1734; to Savoy 1714-1720; in personal union with Naples thereafter)
 * Kingdom of Sardinia (to Spain until 1714; to Austria 1714-1720; in personal union with Savoy thereafter)
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Medici until 1737; Habsburg-Lorraine thereafter)
 * Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
 * Prince-Bishopric of Trent
 * Duchy of Savoy (Savoia)
 * Duchy of Montferrat (to Mantua until 1707, then to Savoy)
 * Duchy of Milan (to Spain until 1706, then to Austria; the union of Milan and Mantua in 1737 created the Austrian Lombardy)
 * Duchy of Mantua (Gonzaga until the imperial confiscation in 1707, then to Austria; Austrian Lombardy from 1737)
 * Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Farnese until 1731; Bourbons 1731-1734; to Austria 1734-1748 then to a junior branch of the Spanish Bourbons)
 * Duchy of Guastalla (Gonzaga of Guastalla until their extinction in 1746; in personal union with Parma from 1748)
 * Duchy of Mirandola (Pico until the imperial confiscation in 1707; to Austria 1707-1711; to Modena from 1711)
 * Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Este)
 * Principality of Masserano (Ferrero-Fieschi; sold to Savoy in 1767)
 * Principality of Castiglione (Gonzaga of Castiglione; confiscated by the Emperor 1691)
 * Principality of Massa (Cybo-Malaspina; duchy from 1664; in personal union with Modena from 1731)
 * Principality of Piombino (Ludovisi until 1733, Boncompagni-Ludovisi thereafter)
 * County of Novellara (Gonzaga of Novellara until their extinction in 1728; to Modena from 1737)
 * Stato Landi (Landi until 1679, Doria 1679-1682, then to Parma)
 * Imperial Fiefdoms
 * Valtelline, Chiavenna and Bormio (under the Grisons)
 * State of Presidi (to Naples)
 * Republic of Venice
 * Republic of Genoa
 * Republic of Lucca
 * Republic of Cospaia
 * Malta (to the Order of St.John of Jerusalem)



Italy in the year 1796
Before the Napoleonic period
 * Papal States (Pope Pius VI)
 * Kingdom of Naples (Bourbons of Naples, King Ferdinand IV) (merged with Sicily in 1816 to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
 * Kingdom of Sicily (in personal union with Naples; after 1816 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
 * Kingdom of Sardinia (inclusive of the Duchy of Savoy, Savoia, King Vittorio Amedeo III)
 * Prince-Bishopric of Brixen (secularized and incorporated into Austria in 1802)
 * Prince-Bishopric of Trent (secularized and incorporated into Austria in 1802)
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke Ferdinand III)
 * Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (Bourbons of Parma, Duke Ferdinando I)
 * Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Este, Duke Ercole III)
 * Duchy of Massa (personal union with Modena)
 * Principality of Piombino (Boncompagni, Prince Antonio II) (after 1815 part of Tuscany)
 * Austrian Lombardy (direct Austrian control)
 * Valtelline, Chiavenna and Bormio (under the Grisons; after 1816 part of Lombardo-Veneto)
 * Republic of Venice (abolished 1797; after 1815 part of Lombardo-Veneto)
 * Republic of Genoa (after 1815 to Sardinia)
 * Republic of Lucca (after 1815 independent duchy)
 * Republic of Ragusa (to France in 1808; after 1815 to Austria)
 * Republic of Cospaia
 * State of Presidi (to Naples; after 1815 to Tuscany)
 * Malta (to the Order of St.John of Jerusalem; conquered by France 1798, by Britain 1800)



Italy in Napoleonic times (1796 - 1814)
After Napoleon’s invasion of Italy:
 * Republic of Alba (1796–1801), annexed to France
 * Cispadane Republic (1796–1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
 * Transpadane Republic (1796–1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
 * Ligurian Republic (1797–1805), annexed to France
 * Republic of Bergamo (1797)
 * Republic of Brescia (1797)
 * Republic of Crema (1797)
 * Bolognese Republic (1798)
 * Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802) transformed into the Italian Republic
 * Republic of Ancona (1797–1798), joined Roman Republic
 * Roman Republic (1798–1800) capital Rome
 * Tiberina Republic (1798–1799) capital Perugia, joined Roman Republic
 * Parthenopaean Republic (1799) capital Naples
 * Subalpine Republic (1800–1802)
 * Kingdom of Etruria (1801–1807) annexed to France
 * Italian Republic (1802–1805)
 * Principality of Lucca and Piombino
 * Kingdom of Italy (1805–1814)
 * Kingdom of Naples (under French rulers 1806-1815)

Italy in the year 1816
After the Congress of Vienna:
 * Papal States (Pope Pius VII; lost most of its territories to Sardinia 1859-1860)
 * Kingdom of Sardinia (Savoia, King Vittorio Emanuele I; ceded Savoy and Nice to France in 1860; became Kingdom of Italy 1861)
 * Kingdom Lombardo-Veneto (to Austria; lost most of Lombardy to Sardinia in 1859)
 * Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Bourbon of Sicily and Naples, later Bourbon-Two-Sicilies, King Ferdinand I; incorporated into Sardinia 1860-1861)
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke Ferdinand III; incorporated to Sardinia 1859)
 * Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (under Marie Louise, wife of Napoleon, for her lifetime. After her death in 1847, Parma and Piacenza devolve upon the House of Bourbon-Parma, Guastalla on the Duke of Modena; incorporated into Sardinia 1859)
 * Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Austria-Este, Duke Francis IV; incorporated into Sardinia 1859)
 * Duchy of Lucca (Bourbon-Parma, Duchess Marie Louise; when they return to Parma in 1847, annexed by Tuscany)
 * Duchy of Massa and Carrara (annexed to the Duchy of Modena in 1829)

Italy in the year 1861
After the unification
 * Papal States (Pope Pius IX; last territories with Rome incorporated into Italy 1870)
 * Kingdom of Italy (Savoia, King Vittorio Emanuele II)
 * Kingdom Lombardo-Veneto (to Austria; incorporated into Italy 1866)